2012 Wind Technologies Market Report
Despite Challenges, a Growing Percentage of the Equipment Used in U.S.
Wind Power Projects Has Been Sourced Domestically in Recent Years
Despite strain throughout the domestic supply chain, the import share of wind turbines and
selected components has dropped in recent years, while the share of selected domestically
manufactured wind power equipment has witnessed corresponding growth. These trends are
supported by data on wind power equipment trade from the U.S. Department of Commerce.
22
Figure 12 presents calendar-year data on estimated imports to the United States of wind-related
equipment from 2006 through 2012.
23
Specifically, the figure shows imports of wind-powered
generating sets (i.e., nacelles and, when imported with the nacelle, other turbine components) as
well as imports of select turbine components that are shipped separately from the generating
sets.
24
The separate importation of selected wind turbine components includes towers, generators
(and generator parts), blades and hubs, and gearboxes. Prior to 2012, estimates provided for
many of these component-level imports should be viewed with caution because the underlying
data used to produce the figure are based on trade categories that were not exclusive to wind
energy (e.g., they could include generators for non-wind applications). The component-level
import estimates shown in Figure 12 therefore required assumptions about the fraction of larger
trade categories likely to be represented by wind turbine components; the error bars included in
the figure account for uncertainty in these assumed fractions.
25
By 2012, however, many of the
22
The Department of Commerce trade data are accessed through the U.S. International Trade Commission’s
(USITC) DataWeb, which compiles statistics from the Department of Commerce on imports and exports. The
statistics can be queried online at: http://dataweb.usitc.gov/
. Much of the analysis presented here relies on the
“customs value” of imports as opposed to the “landed value” and hence does not include costs relating to shipping or
duties. For more information on these data and their application to wind energy, see David (2009, 2010, 2011).
23
“Wind-powered generating sets” are in Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) 8502.31.0000. This HTS provision
includes both utility-scale and small wind turbines. Prior to 2012, estimating separate wind turbine component
imports is complicated by the fact that the HTS does not contain provisions that are exclusive to wind turbine
components. Included in the analysis presented here are: HTS 7308.20.0000—“towers and lattice masts” (available
for years 2006–2010, not exclusive to wind turbine components); HTS 7308.20.0020—“towers and lattice masts -
tubular” (available for 2011–2012, virtually all for wind turbines); HTS 8501.64.0020—“AC generators (alternators)
from 750 to 10,000 kVA” (available for 2006–2011, not exclusive to wind turbine components); HTS
8501.64.0021—“AC generators (alternators) from 750 to 10,000 kVA for Wind-powered Generating sets” (available
for 2012 only, exclusive to wind turbine components); HTS 8412.90.9080—“other parts of engines and motors”
(available for 2006–2011, not exclusive to wind turbine components); HTS 8412.90.9081—“wind turbine blades
and hubs” (available for 2012 only, exclusive to wind turbine components); HTS 8503.00.9545—“parts of
generators (other than commutators, stators, and rotors)” (available for 2006–2011, not exclusive to wind turbine
components); HTS 8503.00.9546—“parts of generators for wind-powered generating sets” (available for 2012 only,
exclusive to wind turbine components); HTS 8483.40.5010—“fixed ratio speed changers” (available for all years,
not exclusive to wind turbine components); and HTS 8483.40.5050—“multiple and variable ratio speed changers”
(available for all years, not exclusive to wind turbine components).
24
Wind turbine components such as blades, towers, generators, and gearboxes are included in the data on wind-
powered generating sets if shipped with the nacelle. Otherwise, these component imports are reported separately.
25
Assumptions were made for the proportion of wind-related equipment in each of the larger HTS trade categories
based on an analysis of recent data where separate, wind-specific trade categories exist; a review of the countries of
origin for the imports; personal communications with USITC and AWEA staff; USITC trade cases (ITC 2012, ITC
2013); and import patterns in the larger HTS trade categories. These assumptions generally reflect the rapidly
increasing imports of wind equipment from 2006–2008, the subsequent decline in imports from 2008–2010, and the
slight increase from 2010–2012. To reflect uncertainty in these proportions, a ±10% variation is applied to the larger
trade categories that include wind turbine components other than gearboxes, and a ±20% variation is applied to the